I have seen in many post and questions on how to add value of a perticular SPField type to a list. Most of them are quite straight forward but there are still some SPField Types which require a different approach.
I have put down mostly all the Field type avilable Out Of Box to a SharePoint list and writting a PowerShell to add a item.
Fields which require some attention are : Person or Group , Hyperlink or Picture, Managed Matadata etc
Note : I have not added 'External Data' field in the script.
Overview :
The Metadata structure I have used for reference 
PowerShell
[void][System.reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SharePoint") $site = new-object Microsoft.SharePoint.SPSite("{Site URL}") $web = $site.rootweb $list = $web.Lists["{List Name}"] $newitem= $list.items.Add() #Single line of Text $newitem["Title"]= "Title Value"; #Multiple line of Text $newitem["MultiLine"]= "Multiline Data"; #Date and Time <# This will also work $newitem["DateTime"]= 2/15/2011 #> $newitem["DateTime"]= [DateTime]::Now.AddDays(5) #Person or Group $newitem["User"] = $web.EnsureUser("{User Name}") #Choice(menu to choose from) : "B" is my Choice value $newitem["Choice"] = "B"; #Number $newitem["Number"] = 2; #Currency $newitem["Currency"]= 50; #Hyperlink or Picture $url= new-object Microsoft.SharePoint.SPFieldUrlValue($newitem["Link"]); $url.URL = "http://www.mocrosoft.com"; $url.Description = "Microsoft"; $newitem["Link"] = $url; #Lookup - (1,"1") - First input is the index of the item and Second input is the value at that index. $newitem["Lookup"] = new-object Microsoft.SharePoint.SPFieldLookupValue(1,"1"); #Managed Metadata $taxonomySession = Get-SPTaxonomySession -Site $web.Site <#Accessing the TermStore, if the Term store name is not know You can get the term stole name by this command : Write-Host $taxonomySession.TermStores[0].Name Also it can be directly accessed on basis of index $termStore = $taxonomySession.TermStores[0]; Bus it’s always recommended to us directly by name #> $termStore = $taxonomySession.TermStores["Metadata Service Application Proxy"]; #Accessing the Group in the Term Store foreach($item in $termStore.Groups) { if($item.Name -eq "{Level 1}") { $TermGroup = $item } } #Accessing the Term Set in the group $termSet = $TermGroup.TermSets["{Level 2}"] $terms = $termSet.GetTerms(10) $term = $terms | ?{$_.Name -eq "{Level 3}"} $terms2 = $term.GetTerms(10) $term2 = $terms2 | ?{$_.Name -eq "Operations"} $spItem = [Microsoft.SharePoint.SPListItem]$newitem; $taxField = [Microsoft.SharePoint.Taxonomy.TaxonomyField]$newitem.Fields["Metadata"] $taxField.SetFieldValue($spItem,$term2) $newitem.update() $web.Dispose() $site.Dispose()
